課程主題：Contemporary Chinese Political Economy《中國政治經濟學·專題》

授課教師：盧荻Dic Lo

授課對象：碩士生和本科生

課程時間：9月17-18日，9月24-25日

課程地點：騰訊會議（具體會議号見下方）

授課教師簡介

盧荻（Dic Lo）教授，現任職于英國倫敦大學亞非學院經濟系、中國研究所(SOAS China Institute)。盧荻教授長期側重于從比較政治經濟學的視角分析經濟發展問題，其主要研究方向為中國與全球化、工業化、改革經濟學、東亞經濟體制和發展，緻力于理論總結中國經濟發展模式和發展經驗。主要成果發表于Cambridge Journal of Economics, The China Quarterly, Journal of Economic Issues, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Third World Quarterly，《經濟研究》、《政治經濟學評論》等國内外知名期刊。

研究領域：

中國與全球化、工業化、轉軌經濟學、東亞經濟體制和發展，緻力于理論總結中國經濟發展模式和發展經驗。

課程内容

Session 1The Political Economy of the New Normal ·新常态的政治經濟學

課程時間：9月17日：18:00-22:00

騰訊會議号：137 147 956

Since the early 2010s, China’s internal and external developments have been associated with its ‘New Normal’. These developments represent the cumulative outcome of China’s transformation over the era of systemic reform, while also reflecting its uneasy position in world capitalism under neoliberal globalization. The defining characteristic of the New Normal is a slow-down in economic growth, and explanations of this slowdown have coalesced around the theses of demand deficiency and profitability decline. This lecture dissects the theoretical reasoning and empirical backings of the theses, with a view of clarifying the structural-institutional conditions that underpin the economic performance. On that basis, the lecture will arrive at the judgement that, long term, the future prospects for China hinge on the rivalry between two models of economic transformation that have both been operating in the economy in recent years: namely, a production-oriented model versus a speculation-oriented model.

自2008年世界經濟進入“大衰退”以來，中國經濟也經曆了深刻的變化，集中表現為從快速增長急劇放緩下來。有關中國經濟增長放緩的解釋，現有文獻大緻上是圍繞着兩個主題展開的，一是需求不足論，另一是利潤率下降論。本講座剖析這些研究的理論邏輯和實證依據，在此基礎上，進而試圖厘清經濟表現所涉及的結構和制度條件，探讨中國經濟變革的未來方向。可以判斷，長遠而言，中國經濟能否維持中速經濟增長乃至恢複高速經濟增長，從而為整體社會發展奠定基礎，取決于兩種經濟變革模式的抗衡，即生産導向模式與投機導向模式的抗衡，這種抗衡自新世紀初尤其是2008年以來一直主導着中國經濟變革的方向。

Further Readings:

Dorrucci, E., G. Pula, and D. Santabárbara (2013) ‘China’s economic growth and rebalancing’, Occasional Paper Series no. 142, Frankfurt am Main, European Central Bank, http://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/scpops/ecbocp142.pdf

Feng, Y., and Y. Yao (2014) ‘The middle-income trap and China’s growth prospects’, in L. Song, R. Garnaut, and Cai F. (eds.) Deepening Reforms for China’s Long-term Growth and Development, ANU Press, http://press.anu.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/ch061.pdf

Lo, D. (2016) ‘China confronts the Great Recession: “rebalancing” neoliberalism, or else?’, International Papers of Political Economy 2016: 232-269 (M.C. Sawyer and P. Arestis eds. Emerging Economies during and after the Great Recession, Basingstoke, Palgrave).

Lo, D. (2018) ‘Consideration on China’s New Normal economic growth’, Journal of China and International Relations, 6 (1): 73-94.

Yao, Y. (2014) ‘A new normal, but with robust growth: China’s growth prospects in the next 10 years’, The Brookings Institution, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Interactives/2014/thinktank20/chapters/tt20%20china%20growth%20prospects%20yao.pdf

Session 2Anatomy of State-Owned Enterprises ·審視國企

課程時間：9月18日：18:00-22:00

騰訊會議号：316 550 715

The institutions of China’s state-owned enterprises have deviated fundamentally from the principle of individual(istic) property rights. The paradox is that the enterprises appear to have performed well in terms of productivity and profitability. This lecture examines the institutions in the light of alternative theoretical perspectives. The central message is two-fold. First, regarding functionality, the long-term oriented institutions could be conducive to productive efficiency, but could also be detrimental to allocative efficiency. Second, regarding credibility, the actual performance hinges on the appropriate match between the institutions and the broader developmental conditions. The efficiency attributes are thus found to be context-specific. Further discussion on the notion of context-specificity reveals that relative efficiency is conjunctural rather than structural in the determination of the functionality and credibility.

時至今日，中國國有企業的體制性質，仍是與個人化産權、純粹市場原則相去甚遠，然而它們的業績表現卻絕非清晰無誤的低效率，反而大有可能是為整體經濟發展作出了重大貢獻。重新審視國有企業改革的指導理論，以近40年來的實際發展表現來作審視，是跨入新階段的中國經濟變革的必要。首先，中國國有企業的體制（相對于非國有企業）蘊含着更高程度的長期導向或固定特性，也就是較低程度的适應市場的靈活性；而理論上可以判斷，長期導向特性往往有利于促進生産性效率提升，但同時對資源配置效率有負面影響。其次，這兩種影響相互抵消之後的業績表現，或國有企業與非國有企業的相對效率表現，往往取決于企業的運作環境，也即取決于企業體制特性與整體經濟變革模式是否匹配。上述論題的理論基礎，是發展經濟學文獻中的“退出、呼籲與忠誠”框架，其中“退出”是指純粹市場原則，“呼籲”是指與市場失效相關的特殊交換/特質交換原則，“忠誠”是指集體合作和學習原則，意味着各種長期導向和短期導向的企業體制各有其相對效率特性。自世紀初尤其是2008年以來，主導着中國整體經濟變革方向的，是生産導向模式與投機導向兩種模式的競争、抗衡，在此其中，國有企業因為其長期導向體制而與生産導向模式較為匹配。因此，中國國有企業的混合所有制改革，關系到中國整體經濟變革的未來。

Further Readings:

Lo, D. (2020) ‘State-owned enterprises in China’s economic transformation: institutional functionality and credibility in alternative perspectives’, Journal of Economic Issues, 54 (3): 813-837.

Naughton, B. (2018) The Chinese Economy: Adaptation and Growth, ch.13-14 (Cambridge and London: MIT Press).

Song, L. (2015) ‘State and non-state enterprises in China’s economic transition’, in G.C. Chow and D.H. Perkins (eds.) Routledge Handbook of the Chinese Economy, ch.12, London, Routledge.

Szamosszegi, A., and C. Kyle (2011) An Analysis of State-owned Enterprises and State Capitalism in China, US-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Washington, D.C., Capital Trade, Inc., http://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Research/10_26_11_CapitalTradeSOEStudy.pdf

Xie, X., A. Li, and Z. (2012) ‘Guojinmintui: a new round of debate in China on state versus private ownership’, Science & Society, 76 (3): 291-318.

Session 3China ‘Going Out’ and Late Development ·“走出去”與世界範圍的後進發展

課程時間：9月24日：18:00-22:00

騰訊會議号：997 664 419

The tremendous expansion of the Chinese economy since the turn of the century, especially in terms of its external dynamics, is of world-scale significance. It seems to justify the quest for appropriate conceptions of China’s systematic impact on late development worldwide. A large number of scholarly studies have coalesced to analyse two crucial aspects of the impact, namely: impact on the performance of industrialization and the condition of labour in the developing world. This lecture seeks to critically appraise and reinterpret the existing studies. The appraisal is not so much a critique but rather an attempt to appropriately position the studies in the systematic context. It is submitted that the existing studies’ focus on market competition, as the main form through which China’s impact manifests, needs to be complemented and underpinned by the more fundamental consideration on productive investment. In the direction of constructing a systematic conception, it is further submitted that the China impact can potentially serve as a countervailing force against the prevailing systemic dynamics of the world economy under neoliberal globalization – i.e., the rising predominance of speculative finance that tends to crowd out productive investment, thereby hampering industrialization and worsening labour condition in the developing world.

自世紀初以來，中國對世界發展的影響力大幅度增加，成為全球範圍上具決定性作用的主體之一。本講座探讨這種作用的各個重要方面，聚焦于已有學術文獻的兩個核心論題，即“中國惡化發展中世界的去工業化趨勢”論、以及“中國壓低發展中世界工人階級的勞動條件”論，對其作出批評。由此導出一個重要論題，即，就總體看迄今中國對世界發展的作用是傾向于正面的。關鍵是，在世界資本主義愈趨新自由主義化、金融投機化的環境中，中國的政治經濟構造始終還是在很大程度上堅持着生産性導向，在這個基礎上，中國的對外經濟活動對于促進世界發展極具積極意義。

Further Readings:

Adolph, C., V. Quince, and A. Prakash (2017) “The Shanghai Effect: Do exports to China affect labor practices in Africa?”, World Development, 89 (1): 1-18.

Ayers, A.J. (2013) ‘Beyond myths, lies and stereotypes: the political economy of a “new scramble for Africa”’, New Political Economy, 18 (2): 227-257.

Hart-Landsberg M. and P. Burkett (2006) ‘China and the dynamics of transnational accumulation: causes and consequences of global restructuring’, Historical Materialism, 14 (3): 3-43.

Jenkins, R.O. (2019) How China is Reshaping the Global Economy: Development Impacts in Africa and Latin America, ch.12, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Lo, D. (2020) ‘Towards a conception of China’s systematic impact on late development’, Third World Quarterly, 41 (5): 860-880.

Session 4Confronting the Challenges of the Pandemic ·應對“環球瘟疫”的系統挑戰

課程時間：9月25日：18:00-22:00

騰訊會議号：680 881 959

Because of its peculiar nature as a systemic challenge, the control of the COVID-19 crisis requires strong and rapid actions. It appears that China has employed a “tough model” whereas the erratic measures of the US have formed a “loose model”. This lecture seeks to characterize and assess the two models from the perspective of the governance structures and the corrective capabilities of the two different political establishments. The exposition draws on the framework of “exit, voice, and loyalty” developed by Albert Hirschman, and questions the hegemonic ideology of the “liberal democracy versus authoritarianism” dichotomy

新冠肺炎作為全球瘟疫，其應對始終有賴于強有力和迅速的集體行動，這對世界各國的公共治理能力和基本政治經濟制度構成系統性挑戰。從瘟疫爆發以來的實際經驗看，迄今中國的應對是一種“嚴厲模式”，而美國的疏懶應對則形成一種“松散模式”，它們構成了世界範圍種種應對模式的兩極。本講座的意圖是期望立足于中美兩國的公共治理結構和政治糾錯能力，參照迄今國際比較中的抗疫表現，對中美的不同抗疫模式及其政治經濟基礎做出分析、評價。較具體而言，講座以阿爾伯特·赫希曼的“退出、呼籲和忠誠”框架為理論基礎，揭示西方關于中美比較的主流論述所依賴的阿馬蒂亞·森的“信息透明至上”理論的局限，從而對所謂“自由民主與威權主義”二元對立的霸權意識形态作出批判。

Further Readings:

He, A.J., Y. Shi, and H. Liu (2020) ‘Crisis governance, Chinese style: distinctive features of China’s responses to the COVID-19 pandemic’, Policy Design and Practices, 3 (3): 245-258. https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2020.1799911

Lo, D. and Y. Shi (2020) ‘China versus the US in the pandemic crisis: governance and politics confronting systemic challenges’, Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 42 (1-2): 90-100.

Macheda, F. (2021) ‘The structural root of China’s effectiveness against Coronavirus pandemic’, International Critical Thought, https://doi.org/10.1080/21598282.2020.1869993

Zhao, S. (2020) ‘Rhetoric and reality of China’s global leadership in the context of COVID-19: implications for the US-led world order and liberal globalization’, Journal of Contemporary China, https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2020.1790900

Zhou, X. (2020) ‘Organizational Response to COVID-19 Crisis: Reflections on the Chinese Bureaucracy and Its Resilience’, Management and Organization Review, 16 (3): 473–84. https://doi.org/10.1017/mor.2020.29

本項目受到校級引智項目（編号：G2022115005L）的支持